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Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. In addition, two limit switches are used in order to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Finally, the maximum reach of a tower crane is seventy meters or 230 feet.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will first have to be brought to the construction location by using a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the equipment part of the jib and the crane. These sections are then attached to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be some of the other industrial equipment that is used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is referred to as a climbing frame or a top climber that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or twenty feet. Next, the crane operator utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast part piece.
A "loaded container" by definition is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers should be treated as loaded. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like wind must be considered. The term loaded is the container's maximum gross weigh rating. In order to make sure that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the cargo has to be equally distributed all over the container.
Having an equally distributed cargo it is advantageous to prevent excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability, in order to maintain safety. A cargo which is even helps to avoid unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the distribution of load in the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is very essential that the designers of containers and handling machinery take this into account in the engineering process. For instance, when 60 percent of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the machine, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
Make sure that the container is free to be handled and care needs to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container, in order to make sure that the machinery used is perfect for the cargo. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like for instance a bulk container, a tank container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging load, extreme care must be taken when raising these.
