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There are some industrial and commercial buildings which now surpass 60 stories or more. These buildings all require tall cranes to be able to help move the materials to the higher floors. There are cranes that have their own vehicle attached or other types that are operated from the back of trucks. Tower cranes are the largest types available on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. When new construction like apartment buildings and skyscrapers and commercial facilities like for instance shopping center are being built, chances are a crane will be on site.
Types
The two major kinds of cranes can be distinguished by the way in which their boom or jib raises materials. The jib is the metal frame that extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it carries things. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib could ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types can range from 30,000 lbs. to 10,000 pounds
Body
The body of the crane is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame which is a combination of separate sections. In order to increase the overall height of the machinery, parts are added. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, which is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The driver of the crane works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane uses a braided metal cord to be able to raise supplies. This cord extends out from a motor situated near the control module to the end of the boom or jib. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib situated on the opposite side of the tower. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from tipping over when raising heavy materials.
The hydraulic truck crane is a specific mobile crane that utilizes hydraulic power to raise and transport thousands of pounds. Hydraulics makes use of forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the pistons of the boom in opposite directions so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are vital in constructing major projects such as airports, bridges, buildings and roadways. A crane could complete in minutes tasks which will normally take many hours and hundreds of men to accomplish.
These impressive machinery have played a vital part in building cities, houses, individual buildings and entire nations throughout the ages. Even the Great Pyramids in Egypt were likely built utilizing basic cranes to enable the heaviest supplies in one of the most remarkable construction projects ever.
The first cranes were established in 3000 B.C. Egypt during the reign of King Ramses. This lifting mechanism was originally utilized to collect water. The very first official "cranes" appeared in Ancient Greece. These mechanism were used to build a whole nation during the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were originally made out of wood. The designs of cranes started to change when dockyards started to need stronger and bigger machines. Hick & Rothwell designed the very first cast iron cranes during 1834, in Bolton, England. This machine was capable of lifting up to 2 tons. That very same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by Herr Albert Sr. who was an Official of the German Superior Board. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition enabled cranes to have a bigger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. Germany started to make cast iron cranes 4 years later. The first cast iron crane made by Germany was built in Neuburg.
