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A torque converter is a fluid coupling that is utilized in order to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, that is an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is same as a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanized clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter can offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque when there is a substantial difference between input and output rotational speed.
The fluid coupling model is the most popular type of torque converter utilized in car transmissions. During the 1920's there were pendulum-based torque or likewise called Constantinesco converter. There are different mechanical designs used for continuously variable transmissions that could multiply torque. Like for example, the Variomatic is one kind which has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling cannot multiply torque. Torque converters have an part referred to as a stator. This changes the drive's characteristics through occasions of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
Within a torque converter, there are a minimum of three rotating elements: the turbine, to drive the load, the impeller that is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the impeller and the turbine so that it can alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Normally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under whichever situation and this is where the word stator starts from. In reality, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still enabling forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been adjustments that have been integrated sometimes. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is required, alterations to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Most commonly, these modifications have taken the form of various turbines and stators. Each and every set has been designed to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Several examples consist of the Dynaflow which makes use of a five element converter to be able to generate the wide range of torque multiplication required to propel a heavy vehicle.
Different car converters include a lock-up clutch to reduce heat and in order to enhance the cruising power and transmission effectiveness, even though it is not strictly part of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the turbine to the impeller. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses related with fluid drive.
