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Valves aid to control the flow of a fluids such as fluidized gases or regular gases, liquids, slurries by partially obstructing, opening or even by closing some passageways. Typical valves are pipe fittings but are discussed as a separate category. In instances where an open valve is concerned, fluid flows in a direction from higher to lower pressure.
Numerous applications like residential, transport, commercial, military and industrial businesses make use of valves. Some of the major trades which rely on valves comprise the power generation, water reticulation, sewerage, oil and gas sector, mining and chemical manufacturing.
In day to day activities, the most common valves are plumbing valves as seen as it taps for tap water. Other popular examples consist of small valves fitted to dishwashers and washing machines, gas control valves on cookers, valves inside car engines and safety devices fitted to hot water systems. In nature, veins within the human body act as valves and regulate the blood flow. Heart valves even control the circulation of blood in the chambers of the heart and maintain the right pumping action.
Valves could be worked in various ways. For example, they can be operated either by a handle, a pedal or a lever. Valves could be driven by changes in temperature, pressure or flow or they could be automatic. These changes may act upon a piston or a diaphragm which in turn activates the valve. Several common examples of this kind of valve are found on boilers or safety valves fitted to hot water systems.
There are more complex control systems using valves which need automatic control that is based on external input. Like for example, regulating flow through a pipe to a changing set point. These situations normally need an actuator. An actuator would stroke the valve depending on its set-up and input, allowing the valve to be positioned accurately while allowing control over a variety of requirements.
